五色草-Coleus blumei – Painted Nettle
原文
Coleus blumei
FAMILY: Lamiaceae (Mint Family)
GENUS: Coleus
SPECIES: Blumei
COMMON NAMES: Buntblatt, Buntnessel, Coleus Scutellaires, El Ahijado, El Nene, Flame Nettle, Manto de la Virgen, Painted Nettle, Patharcheer.
This annual plant is well known amongst horticulturists and amateur gardeners alike, as it is a prized as an easy-to-grow houseplant and hardy outdoor ornamental. C. blumei produces many tiny beautiful flowers and has colorful kaleidoscopic leaves. In the wild, Coleus blumei can grow up 3 feet (1 meter) tall, and about 1 foot (1/3 meter) around. The leaves are oval shaped with rounded tooth edges and brightly colored, with green edges and blood-red veins in the center as well as many splotches of dark red, maroon, and brown. The flowers are very small, grow along a central stem, and range from light mauve to violet in color. Coleus blumei first originated in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, but was transplanted in the tropical regions of Mexico and has since become well known amongst the Mazatec Indians for its psychoactive properties (Ratsch 198, 181).
TRADITIONAL USES: El Ahijado was first studied by Gordon Wasson while he was searching Southern Mexico for the mythical psychoactive plant used by the Aztecs known as Pipiltzintzintli. During Wasson’s expedition through the Sierra Madre Mazateca region, not only did he discover the ritual use of Salvia divinorum as a hallucinogen, but he also learned of the use of Coleus blumei as a potent substitute for Salvia. When Salvia divinorum, La Hembra (the Woman) was unavailable, the shaman would use the leaves and flowers of C. blumei, El Ahijado (the Godson) in its place (Schultes 1970).
For centuries, the Mazatec Indians of southwestern Mexico have known and used El Ahijado in their religious healing ceremonies. In traditional Mazatec communities, Coleus blumei is considered ‘the male’ (El Ahijado) and Salvia divinorum is considered ‘the female’ (La Hembra). However, shamans and healers tend to use Coleus blumei only when they are unable to procure Salvia divinorum.
C. blumei is also reportedly smoked as a substitute for Cannabis by the Macumba of Brazil in order to create a trance state and to open themselves up to the god force (Voogelbreinder 2009, 135).
TRADITIONAL PREPARATION: The Mazatec natives tend to consume El Ahijado in two ways, either as a fresh chewable quid of leaves or smoked as a dried leaf. Traditionally, eight to twelve small leaves are freshly picked from the plant, rolled into a quid and chewed, the juices are swallowed, and after 15 – 20 minutes the used quid is discarded and exchanged for fresh leaves (Hofmann et al. 1992). In other Mazatec communities the leaves and flowers are gathers and dried and the resulting herbs are crushed and mixed with tobacco or Tagetes lucida (Mexican Tarragon) to be smoked.
MEDICINAL USES: Traditionally, Coleus blumei has been used to treat many common ailments. Most commonly, the Mazatec used this magical herb to treat stomach pains, digestive problems, dysentery, and even elephantiasis. In other parts of the world the plant is used to treat headaches and ulcers and as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy (Voogelbreinder 2009, 135).
TRADITIONAL EFFECTS: Very little is currently known about the active principle alkaloids in Coleus blumei, and much more research still must be done on this plant and its role as an entheogen. Fortunately, there has been a strong increase in interest in the plant and there are more scientific studies underway. What is known is that the plant contains Diterpene alkaloids. It is currently hypothesized that when Diterpenes are dried and exposed to high temperatures the structure changes to resemble the active alkaloids present in Salvia divinorum. This is still just a supposition, however (Ratsch 1998, 182).
Many people report that small doses of El Ahijado are very similar to small doses of Salvia divinorum. These effects include increased pulse, a feeling of bodily heaviness, lights appearing before the eyes, and so forth. This is certainly a powerful shamanic traveling plant and must be studied with care. Similar to many other plants, like Salvia divinorum and Cannabis sativa, the effects of Coleus blumei are not usually felt after the first trial. Rather, it take several attempts and great knowledge of the plant to fully feel its inebriating effects (Ratsch 1998, 182).
There is still much debate as to the efficacy and potentiality of Coleus blumei. There are many reports from reputable ethnobotanists and ethnopharmacologists suggesting that they have experienced little to no effects when working with this plant. As is often the case, the journey is always viewed through the lense of previous experiences (Schuldes 1995 cited in Ratsch 1998, 182).
REFERENCES
Faucon, Philippe. 2005. Coleus, Flame Nettle, Painted Nettle. Desert-Tropicals.com
Lemke, Cal. 2004. Coleus Blumei Hybrid Lamiaceae. plantoftheweek.org
Ratsch, Christian. 2005. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications. Park Street Press; Rochester, VT.
Schultes, R.E. “The New World Indians and Their Hallucinogenic Plants.” Bulletin of the Morris Arboretum 21 (1970): 3–14.
Schultes, Richard E; Hofmann, Albert; Ratsch, Christian. 2001. Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing and Hallucinogenic Powers. Healing Arts Press; Rochester, VT.
Voogelbreinder, Snu, Garden of Eden: The Shamanic Use of Psychoactive Flora and Fauna, and the Study of Consciousness. Snu Voogelbreinder, 2009.
翻译：
GENUS: Coleus
SPECIES: Blumei
COMMON NAMES: Buntblatt, Buntnessel, Coleus Scutellaires, El Ahijado, El Nene, Flame Nettle, Manto de la Virgen, Painted Nettle, Patharcheer.
This annual plant is well known amongst horticulturists and amateur gardeners alike, as it is a prized as an easy-to-grow houseplant and hardy outdoor ornamental. C. blumei produces many tiny beautiful flowers and has colorful kaleidoscopic leaves. In the wild, Coleus blumei can grow up 3 feet (1 meter) tall, and about 1 foot (1/3 meter) around. The leaves are oval shaped with rounded tooth edges and brightly colored, with green edges and blood-red veins in the center as well as many splotches of dark red, maroon, and brown. The flowers are very small, grow along a central stem, and range from light mauve to violet in color. Coleus blumei first originated in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, but was transplanted in the tropical regions of Mexico and has since become well known amongst the Mazatec Indians for its psychoactive properties (Ratsch 198, 181).
TRADITIONAL USES: El Ahijado was first studied by Gordon Wasson while he was searching Southern Mexico for the mythical psychoactive plant used by the Aztecs known as Pipiltzintzintli. During Wasson’s expedition through the Sierra Madre Mazateca region, not only did he discover the ritual use of Salvia divinorum as a hallucinogen, but he also learned of the use of Coleus blumei as a potent substitute for Salvia. When Salvia divinorum, La Hembra (the Woman) was unavailable, the shaman would use the leaves and flowers of C. blumei, El Ahijado (the Godson) in its place (Schultes 1970).
For centuries, the Mazatec Indians of southwestern Mexico have known and used El Ahijado in their religious healing ceremonies. In traditional Mazatec communities, Coleus blumei is considered ‘the male’ (El Ahijado) and Salvia divinorum is considered ‘the female’ (La Hembra). However, shamans and healers tend to use Coleus blumei only when they are unable to procure Salvia divinorum.
C. blumei is also reportedly smoked as a substitute for Cannabis by the Macumba of Brazil in order to create a trance state and to open themselves up to the god force (Voogelbreinder 2009, 135).
TRADITIONAL PREPARATION: The Mazatec natives tend to consume El Ahijado in two ways, either as a fresh chewable quid of leaves or smoked as a dried leaf. Traditionally, eight to twelve small leaves are freshly picked from the plant, rolled into a quid and chewed, the juices are swallowed, and after 15 – 20 minutes the used quid is discarded and exchanged for fresh leaves (Hofmann et al. 1992). In other Mazatec communities the leaves and flowers are gathers and dried and the resulting herbs are crushed and mixed with tobacco or Tagetes lucida (Mexican Tarragon) to be smoked.
MEDICINAL USES: Traditionally, Coleus blumei has been used to treat many common ailments. Most commonly, the Mazatec used this magical herb to treat stomach pains, digestive problems, dysentery, and even elephantiasis. In other parts of the world the plant is used to treat headaches and ulcers and as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy (Voogelbreinder 2009, 135).
TRADITIONAL EFFECTS: Very little is currently known about the active principle alkaloids in Coleus blumei, and much more research still must be done on this plant and its role as an entheogen. Fortunately, there has been a strong increase in interest in the plant and there are more scientific studies underway. What is known is that the plant contains Diterpene alkaloids. It is currently hypothesized that when Diterpenes are dried and exposed to high temperatures the structure changes to resemble the active alkaloids present in Salvia divinorum. This is still just a supposition, however (Ratsch 1998, 182).
Many people report that small doses of El Ahijado are very similar to small doses of Salvia divinorum. These effects include increased pulse, a feeling of bodily heaviness, lights appearing before the eyes, and so forth. This is certainly a powerful shamanic traveling plant and must be studied with care. Similar to many other plants, like Salvia divinorum and Cannabis sativa, the effects of Coleus blumei are not usually felt after the first trial. Rather, it take several attempts and great knowledge of the plant to fully feel its inebriating effects (Ratsch 1998, 182).
There is still much debate as to the efficacy and potentiality of Coleus blumei. There are many reports from reputable ethnobotanists and ethnopharmacologists suggesting that they have experienced little to no effects when working with this plant. As is often the case, the journey is always viewed through the lense of previous experiences (Schuldes 1995 cited in Ratsch 1998, 182).
REFERENCES
Faucon, Philippe. 2005. Coleus, Flame Nettle, Painted Nettle. Desert-Tropicals.com
Lemke, Cal. 2004. Coleus Blumei Hybrid Lamiaceae. plantoftheweek.org
Ratsch, Christian. 2005. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications. Park Street Press; Rochester, VT.
Schultes, R.E. “The New World Indians and Their Hallucinogenic Plants.” Bulletin of the Morris Arboretum 21 (1970): 3–14.
Schultes, Richard E; Hofmann, Albert; Ratsch, Christian. 2001. Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing and Hallucinogenic Powers. Healing Arts Press; Rochester, VT.
Voogelbreinder, Snu, Garden of Eden: The Shamanic Use of Psychoactive Flora and Fauna, and the Study of Consciousness. Snu Voogelbreinder, 2009.
翻译：
五色草
科：唇形科（薄荷科）
Coleus属
种类：Blumei
常用名称：邦特布拉特、邦特纳塞尔、科勒斯斯斯库特莱尔、埃拉希亚多、埃涅、火焰荨麻、圣母院、彩绘荨麻、Pathacheer。
这种一年生植物是众所周知的园艺家和业余园丁一样，因为它是一种珍贵的易于种植的室内植物和耐寒的室外装饰。蓝梅开出许多美丽的小花，叶子五彩缤纷。在野外，油菜可以长到3英尺（1米）高，大约1英尺（1/3米）高。叶子呈椭圆形，有圆形的齿边，颜色鲜艳，中心有绿色的边缘和血红色的纹理，还有许多深红色、褐红色和棕色的斑点。这些花非常小，沿着中心茎生长，颜色从淡紫色到紫罗兰色不等。Coleus Blumei最初起源于东南亚和菲律宾，但被移植到墨西哥的热带地区，并因其精神活性而在Mazatec印第安人中广为人知（Ratsch 198，181）。
传统用法：当戈登·沃森在墨西哥南部寻找被称为pipiltzintzintli的阿兹特克人使用的神秘的精神活性植物时，他首先研究了el-ahijado。在瓦森穿越马德雷-马扎特卡山脉地区的探险过程中，他不仅发现了用丹参作为致幻剂的仪式性使用，而且还了解到了用油菜蓝梅作为丹参的有力替代品。当丹参（salvia divinorum）、拉赫姆布拉（la hembra）（女人）不可用时，萨满将使用布鲁梅（c.blumei）、埃尔阿希亚多（el ahijado）（教子）的叶子和花朵代替它（schultes，1970）。
几个世纪以来，墨西哥西南部的Mazatec印第安人在他们的宗教治疗仪式中认识并使用了el-ahijado。在传统的Mazatec社区，Coleus Blumei被认为是“男性”（El Ahijado），Salvia Divinorum被认为是“女性”（La Hembra）。然而，只有当萨满和治疗者无法获得丹参时，他们才会使用油菜。
据报道，巴西的马库姆巴人还吸食蓝梅作为大麻的替代品，以创造一个恍惚的状态，并向上帝的力量敞开心扉（Voogelbreinder 2009，135）。
传统的准备方法：马扎特土著人倾向于以两种方式食用El-Ahijado，要么作为一种新鲜的可咀嚼的叶片，要么作为一种干燥的叶片吸烟。传统上，8到12片小叶是从植物中新鲜采摘的，卷成豆荚并咀嚼，然后将果汁吞下，15-20分钟后，将用过的豆荚丢弃并换成新叶（Hofmann等人1992）。在其他Mazatec社区，树叶和花朵被收集并干燥，产生的草药被粉碎，与烟草或万寿菊（墨西哥龙蒿）混合后被烟熏。
药用：传统上，蓝梅被用来治疗许多常见的疾病。最常见的是，马扎特人用这种神奇的草药来治疗胃痛、消化问题、痢疾，甚至象皮病。在世界其他地区，这种植物被用来治疗头痛和溃疡，并作为避孕药来防止怀孕（Voogelbreinder 2009，135）。
传统效应：目前对蓝梅中生物碱的活性成分知之甚少，对其作为一种植物源的作用还需做更多的研究。幸运的是，人们对这种植物的兴趣有了很大的增长，而且正在进行更多的科学研究。众所周知，这种植物含有二萜生物碱。目前的假设是，当二萜干燥并暴露于高温下时，其结构变化类似于存在于丹参中的活性生物碱。然而，这仍然只是一个假设（Ratsch 1998，182）。
许多人报告说，小剂量的艾希杰多与小剂量的丹参非常相似。这些影响包括脉搏增加、身体沉重感、眼睛前出现的光等等。这当然是一个强大的萨满旅行植物，必须仔细研究。与许多其他植物一样，如丹参和大麻，在第一次试验后通常不会感觉到油菜的效果。相反，它需要几次尝试和大量的植物知识，以充分感受其醉酒的影响（Ratsch 1998，182）。
关于油菜的功效和潜力还有很多争议。有许多来自著名的民族植物学家和民族药理学家的报告表明，他们在使用这种植物时几乎没有或没有任何影响。通常情况下，旅行总是从以往经验的角度来看待（Schuldes1995年在Ratsch 1998，182中引用）。
参考文献
菲利普·福肯。2005。彩叶，火焰荨麻，画荨麻。沙漠热带网站
莱姆基，Cal。2004。有限公司
Coleus属
种类：Blumei
常用名称：邦特布拉特、邦特纳塞尔、科勒斯斯斯库特莱尔、埃拉希亚多、埃涅、火焰荨麻、圣母院、彩绘荨麻、Pathacheer。
这种一年生植物是众所周知的园艺家和业余园丁一样，因为它是一种珍贵的易于种植的室内植物和耐寒的室外装饰。蓝梅开出许多美丽的小花，叶子五彩缤纷。在野外，油菜可以长到3英尺（1米）高，大约1英尺（1/3米）高。叶子呈椭圆形，有圆形的齿边，颜色鲜艳，中心有绿色的边缘和血红色的纹理，还有许多深红色、褐红色和棕色的斑点。这些花非常小，沿着中心茎生长，颜色从淡紫色到紫罗兰色不等。Coleus Blumei最初起源于东南亚和菲律宾，但被移植到墨西哥的热带地区，并因其精神活性而在Mazatec印第安人中广为人知（Ratsch 198，181）。
传统用法：当戈登·沃森在墨西哥南部寻找被称为pipiltzintzintli的阿兹特克人使用的神秘的精神活性植物时，他首先研究了el-ahijado。在瓦森穿越马德雷-马扎特卡山脉地区的探险过程中，他不仅发现了用丹参作为致幻剂的仪式性使用，而且还了解到了用油菜蓝梅作为丹参的有力替代品。当丹参（salvia divinorum）、拉赫姆布拉（la hembra）（女人）不可用时，萨满将使用布鲁梅（c.blumei）、埃尔阿希亚多（el ahijado）（教子）的叶子和花朵代替它（schultes，1970）。
几个世纪以来，墨西哥西南部的Mazatec印第安人在他们的宗教治疗仪式中认识并使用了el-ahijado。在传统的Mazatec社区，Coleus Blumei被认为是“男性”（El Ahijado），Salvia Divinorum被认为是“女性”（La Hembra）。然而，只有当萨满和治疗者无法获得丹参时，他们才会使用油菜。
据报道，巴西的马库姆巴人还吸食蓝梅作为大麻的替代品，以创造一个恍惚的状态，并向上帝的力量敞开心扉（Voogelbreinder 2009，135）。
传统的准备方法：马扎特土著人倾向于以两种方式食用El-Ahijado，要么作为一种新鲜的可咀嚼的叶片，要么作为一种干燥的叶片吸烟。传统上，8到12片小叶是从植物中新鲜采摘的，卷成豆荚并咀嚼，然后将果汁吞下，15-20分钟后，将用过的豆荚丢弃并换成新叶（Hofmann等人1992）。在其他Mazatec社区，树叶和花朵被收集并干燥，产生的草药被粉碎，与烟草或万寿菊（墨西哥龙蒿）混合后被烟熏。
药用：传统上，蓝梅被用来治疗许多常见的疾病。最常见的是，马扎特人用这种神奇的草药来治疗胃痛、消化问题、痢疾，甚至象皮病。在世界其他地区，这种植物被用来治疗头痛和溃疡，并作为避孕药来防止怀孕（Voogelbreinder 2009，135）。
传统效应：目前对蓝梅中生物碱的活性成分知之甚少，对其作为一种植物源的作用还需做更多的研究。幸运的是，人们对这种植物的兴趣有了很大的增长，而且正在进行更多的科学研究。众所周知，这种植物含有二萜生物碱。目前的假设是，当二萜干燥并暴露于高温下时，其结构变化类似于存在于丹参中的活性生物碱。然而，这仍然只是一个假设（Ratsch 1998，182）。
许多人报告说，小剂量的艾希杰多与小剂量的丹参非常相似。这些影响包括脉搏增加、身体沉重感、眼睛前出现的光等等。这当然是一个强大的萨满旅行植物，必须仔细研究。与许多其他植物一样，如丹参和大麻，在第一次试验后通常不会感觉到油菜的效果。相反，它需要几次尝试和大量的植物知识，以充分感受其醉酒的影响（Ratsch 1998，182）。
关于油菜的功效和潜力还有很多争议。有许多来自著名的民族植物学家和民族药理学家的报告表明，他们在使用这种植物时几乎没有或没有任何影响。通常情况下，旅行总是从以往经验的角度来看待（Schuldes1995年在Ratsch 1998，182中引用）。
参考文献
菲利普·福肯。2005。彩叶，火焰荨麻，画荨麻。沙漠热带网站
莱姆基，Cal。2004。有限公司
五色草-Coleus blumei – Painted Nettle 2019-04-17 责任编辑：前方园艺
